Tropical Animal Science is an open access scientific journal published by Animal Science Department, Faculty of Animal Science, Boyolali University consistently published two times a year in May and November aims to publish information and original research results on animal science including breeding and genetics, feeding and nutrition, reproduction, biotechnology, physiology, management, socio-economics, products technology, microbiology, and other related topics in relation to animal science. The papers should not have been previously published or is not being considered for publication elsewhere. Instruction to Author Make Submission Recomended Tools :
PERAN INSEMINASI BUATAN (IB) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN POPULASI TERNAK SAPI DI KECAMATAN IV NAGARI KABUPATEN SIJUNJUNG
The increasing demand for animal protein from beef has not been matched by a proportional rise in cattle populations in Indonesia, necessitating strategies such as artificial insemination (AI) to accelerate reproduction. This study aimed to evaluate the success of AI programs in increasing cattle populations in IV Nagari District, Sijunjung Regency, by analyzing Non-Return Rate (NRR), Service per Conception (S/C), and Conception Rate (CR). A survey method was employed using primary data (farmer interviews) and secondary data (Puskeswan medical records from 2019–2023). The results showed NRR ranged from 69.80% to 77.91%, indicating a high pregnancy rate after the first AI, S/C for Bali and Ongole cattle averaged 1.13–1.30, reflecting efficient AI implementation, and CR reached 77.7%, exceeding the national standard (60–70%). In conclusion, the AI program in IV Nagari District successfully increased cattle populations, as evidenced by optimal NRR, S/C, and CR values. This success was influenced by inseminator training, farmer awareness, and AI infrastructure support.
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KINERJA PRODUKSI DAN INCOME OVER FEED COST PEMELIHARAAN AYAM BROILER PADA KANDANG CLOSED HOUSE (STUDI KASUS SUYATNO FARM DESA BANDARDAWUNG, KECAMATAN TAWANGMANGU)
This study aims to determine the differences in broiler chicken performance across five rearing periods by analyzing the variables of average body weight, depletion rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), performance index (IP), and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC). Data collection techniques used in this research include observation and questionnaires, with the subject being the close house system at Suyatno Farm. The study produced the following: averages over five rearing periods: an average pololation 19,800 chickens, an average body weight of 1.98 kg per bird, a depletion rate of 385 birds or 1.94%, a feed conversion ratio of 1.437, a performance index (IP) is 441, and IOFC IDR 14,005. The results indicate that Period 1 had the best overall performance in terms of average final body weight 2.1 kg per bird, performance index 473, and IOFC IDR 14,660. Period 2 showed the best result in depletion rate, with 348 birds lost 1.65%. Meanwhile, the best feed conversion ratio was recorded in Period 3 with a value of 1.410.
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS HIJAUAN SEBAGAI SUMBER PAKAN TERNAK PADA BERBAGAI ZONA AGROEKOLOGI DI KABUPATEN BANTUL DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Goats are one of the small ruminants that contribute significantly to the smallholder livestock system and play a role in increasing the income of rural communities in Indonesia. Forage availability as the main component of goat feed usually depends on landscape conditions and different agroecological zones. Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, has three different agroecological zones: hilly areas, lowland, and coastal areas. This study aims to determine the diversity of forage in various agroecological zones in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region as a basis for making policies for developing livestock populations based on the potential of available forage. The research was conducted using a survey method by observing and inventorying the environment around the farmer's residence and interviewing goat farmers in the agroecological zones of coastal areas, lowland, and hilly areas. The results showed that each agroecological zone has a distinctive type of forage, depending on factors such as land slope, soil type, and season. The lowland zone showed the highest forage diversity compared to other zones. The availability of varied forage as a source of animal feed can affect the productivity of goats, which is an important component of the smallholder farming system in Bantul Regency. Keywords: Forage, Goats, Agroecological zones
PERUBAHAN FISIKOKIMIA FULL FAT MAYONNAISE DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SARI JAHE SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Mayonnaise is an oil-in-water emulsion product that is highly susceptible to degradation during storage, including phase separation, lipid oxidation, and discoloration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of incorporating three different types of ginger extracts (red ginger, elephant ginger, and emprit ginger) at a concentration of 1.5% on the physicochemical stability of full-fat mayonnaise over a month storage period. Parameters assessed included emulsion stability, color attributes (L, a, b*), moisture content, fat content, and pH on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The study employed a nested Completely Randomized Design (CRD), and data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results indicated that the addition of red ginger extract significantly improved emulsion stability, preserved color brightness, slowed the increase in moisture content, and mitigated the decline in fat content during storage. The addition of ginger extract exhibited no significant effect on pH variations. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of bioactive compounds in red ginger were instrumental in maintaining the quality of mayonnaise throughout storage. These findings highlight the potential of red ginger extract as a natural additive to enhance the physicochemical stability of full-fat mayonnaise for up to 21 days under ambient storage conditions.
KORELASI LINGKAR SKROTUM TERHADAP UKURAN TUBUH DAN BOBOT BADAN PADA KAMBING SABURAI
This study aims to identify the relationship between scrotal circumference (SC) to body weight (BW) and body size, namely body length (BL) and chest circumference (CC), as one of the predictors of male selection. This study was conducted on male Saburai goats at the Saburai Goat Breeding Center, Lampung. The approach used was quantitative observational with correlational and comparative study methods for each observed variable. The data obtained amounted to 24 goats starting from birth, three months, six months, nine months, and 12 months. The results showed a significant positive correlation (p <0.05) between SC and BW, BL, and CC, with the highest correlation shown between SC and BW (r = 0.72). This confirms that the size of the scrotal circumference can be an indicator of body weight, and body weight is the main indicator in determining testicular development as reproductive potential of males in Saburai goats.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TEPUNG AZOLA (Azzola microphylla) FERMENTASI TERHADAP PERFORMA AYAM KUB (KAMPUNG UNGGUL BALITBANGTAN)
This study aims to determine the effect of fermented azola flour on the performance of KUB (Kampung Unggul IAARD) chickens. This study used 36 KUB chickens aged 4 weeks and were given a treatment ration of up to 4 weeks of maintenance. The research method used was an experimental method with a Complete Random Design (RAL), consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replicates. The therapy is the use of fermented Azolla in rations: A (Commercial Rations + 0% Azolla microphylla fermented in rations), B (Commercial Feed 512 + 5% Azolla microphylla fermented in rations), C (Commercial Feed 512 + 10% Azolla microphylla fermented in rations), and D (Commercial Feed 512 + 15% Azolla microphylla fermented in rations). The variables observed were body weight gain, ration consumption and ration conversion. The results showed that the treatment of fermented azola had an unreal different effect (P>0.05) on body weight gain, ration consumption and ration conversion. This study concludes that the addition of fermented azolla flour in the ration of KUB chickens up to 15% does not have a real effect on body weight gain, ration consumption and conversion of KUB chicken rations (Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan), which can be interpreted as the addition of azolla flour in the ration can replace commercial feed by 15%.
KADAR ASAM URAT DAN PROTEIN PLASMA DARAH AYAM KAMPUNG: PENGARUH TARAF PROTEIN RANSUM DAN LAMA PEMELIHARAAN
The study aim to analyze the effect of dietary protein level in stages of age on protein usage measured by the level of uric acid and protein plasma in native chicken blood. Material used were 168 chicks (unsex) with average body weight 28,68 ± 1,13 g/chick. The treatments are dietary protein levels 22% for 3 weeks, continued with 15% for 7 weeks (T0), dietary protein levels 18% for 4 weeks, continued with 16% for 6 weeks (T1), dietary protein levels 18% for 2 weeks, continued with 16% for 4 weeks and 14% for 4 weeks (T2), dietary protein levels 18% for 3 weeks, continued with 16% for 3 weeks and 14% for 4 weeks (T3). This research used completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 6 replicates. Each experimental unit consisted of 6 chickens. The average of T0, T1, T2, dan T3 simultaneously for feed efficiency were 36.61; 28.84; 25.39; 21.72. The average of uric acid on blood is 4,92 mg/dl; 4,92 mg/dl; 5,08 mg/dl; and 5,25 mg/dl and protein plasma 2,23 g/dl; 1,84 g/dl; 2,33 g/dl; dan 1,79 g/dl. In conclusion, the protein level in raising period had significant effect on feed efficiency but do not effect on uric acid and protein plasma in 10-week-old native chicken.
EVALUASI TINGKAT PENERAPAN BIOSEKURITI PADA PETERNAKAN AYAM BROILER DI KECAMATAN MAIWA KABUPATEN ENREKANG
This study aimed to evaluate the level of biosecurity implementation in broiler chicken farms in Maiwa District, Enrekang Regency. Biosecurity is an important component on the livestock health management system that aims to prevent the entry and spread of diseases, and maintain productivity of livestock businesses. The study was conducted descriptively and quantitatively with a survey approach to the entire population of broiler chicken farmers in the area, which amounted to 27 people. Data collection was conducted through direct observation, through direct observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The aspects studied include three main components of biosecurity: traffic control, sanitation, and isolation. The results of this study showed that the implementation of biosecurity by farmers was generally in the sufficient category. The sanitation aspect was the most dominantly implemented, marked by waste management, which had been carried out very well by all respondents (100%). The isolation aspect also showed quite good implementation, with most farmers having separated sick and dead chickens and isolation cages. However, the implementation of biosecurity in the aspect of traffic control is still not optimal, Particularly in relation to guest entry procedures and vehicle disinfectant spraying. Farmers’ characteristics such as education level, farming experience, and gender are known to influence variations in biosecurity implementation. This study is expected to provide a real picture of the field and be a consideration for farmers, the government, and related parties in improving the implementation of biosecurity as a whole.
STRATEGI PEMANFAATAN JERAMI PADI SEBAGAI PAKAN SAPI POTONG DI KECAMATAN LIBURENG KABUPATEN BONE: PENDEKATAN ANALISIS SWOT
This study aims to analyze strategies for utilizing rice straw as feed for beef cattle in Libureng District, Bone Regency. The research used a descriptive quantitative approach with a SWOT analysis. Data were obtained from previous studies, expert interviews, and analyses using the IFE, EFE, SWOT, and QSPM matrices. The results showed a total IFE score of 2.75, with key strengths including a high interest in cattle farming among the productive-age population and knowledge of disease prevention. The total EFE score reached 3.00, with the main opportunities being the increasing interest in livestock technology and the demand for quality feed. From the nine alternative strategies identified, the priority strategies based on the QSPM analysis are income diversification through developing processed livestock products (TAS = 6.85) and a feed system based on local forages and agricultural waste (TAS = 6.8). These findings indicate that rice straw holds significant potential not only as a feed source but also as a means to increase income and improve the sustainability and efficiency of livestock farming.
ANALISIS KINERJA PRODUKSI KAMBING PERAH PADA BANGSA YANG BERBEDA
This study aims to see the effect of goat breed on dairy goat productivity at Merapi Farm, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The research was carried out on 3 july 2024 – 11 july 2024 at Merapi Farm, Cangkringan District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Spesial Region. The material used was 9 goats the breed Sapera, Saneen and Peranakan Alpen. The method of research was used the survey method. The variables measured milk production, long lactation, dry period, post partum estrus, Litter Size, Days open, Calving Interval, and S/C. The data analysis used in this reseach is regression analysis. The result of the study show that dairy goat breed that has the highest productivity is Saneen with as much milk productin 2,5 liter/day then Sapera 2,23 liter/day and last Peranakan Alpen 1,3 liter/day. Results from regression analysis show that goat breeds effect dairy goat productivity. It was concluded that the breed have the real impact to dairy goat productivity.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BETA KAROTEN DALAM PENGENCER TRIS KUNING TELUR TEHADAP KUALITAS SEMEN CAIR KERBAU LUMPUR (SWAMP BUFFALO)
Efforts to improve the quality of frozen semen of swamp buffalo have always been made, one way is by adding an ingredient that is effective in protecting sperm during the process of dilution, freezing and thawing as a compound that can neutralize free radicals (antioxidant). One antioxidant that has been widely studied is beta carotene (?-Carotene). This natural pigment has the ability to stabilize cell membranes, protect DNA, and reduce oxidative damage to sperm cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ?-carotene addition in egg yolk Tris diluent on the quality of liquid semen of swamp buffalo. The research materials used consisted of artificial vagina, microscope, Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA), object glass, cover glass, citrate, egg yolk, eosin-nigrosin dye and fresh semen of four-year-old swamp buffalo collected weekly at BIB Tuah Sakato, Payakumbuh. The experimental research method used a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates. The treatment of adding ?-Carotene into egg yolk tris (TKT) concentration: 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% which was equilibrated for 3 hours. Variables observed in this study include mortality, viability and abnormality of liquid semen. The results showed the addition of ?-carotene in egg yolk Tris (TKT) diluent at concentrations of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% showed no significant effect on motility, viability, and abnormality of swamp buffalo spermatozoa (P > 0.05). The highest mean motility was recorded at 0.1% concentration (80.12 ± 3.95), followed by 0% (76.54 ± 6.48), 0.2% (76.48 ± 5.59), and 0.3% (73.65 ± 4.88). Viability was also highest at 0.1% (68.22 ± 5.41), then 0% (66.88 ± 6.33), 0.2% (64.94 ± 6.11), and 0.3% (61.51 ± 8.08). The lowest abnormality was found at 0.3% (30.50 ± 4.58), then 0.2% (31.45 ± 2.63), 0.1% (34.23 ± 2.22), and 0% (34.51 ± 2.49). Although not statistically significant, 0.1% concentration produced the highest motility and viability, so it can be considered added in TKT diluent.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KONSENTRAT DAN HIJAUAN YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP RESPONS FISIOLOGI (SUHU REKTAL, DENYUT JANTUNG DAN FREKUENSI PERNAPASAN) SAPI ACEH
This study aims to determine the effect of different feed ratios between concentrate and forage on the physiological responses of Aceh cattle. The study was conducted from December 20, 2023, to January 17, 2024, in Juli Makmu, Juli Mee Teungoh, Kecamatan Juli, Kabupaten Bireuen. The design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The results of the study indicate that the effect of different concentrate and forage feeding did not significantly differ (P>0.05) on the physiological responses (rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate) of Aceh cattle. The highest average rectal temperature was observed in treatment D, at 38.63°C, and the lowest average was found in treatment A, at 38.53°C. The highest average heart rate was observed in treatment D, at 72.96 beats/min; the lowest average was found in treatments A, B, and C, at 72.09 beats/min. The highest average respiratory rate was observed in treatment D, at 32.84 breaths/min; the lowest average was found in treatment A, at 32.60 breaths/min. Meanwhile, the highest average environmental temperature was observed in treatment D, at 27.67°C, and the lowest average was found in treatment A, at 27.00°C. The conclusion of the research conducted is that the provision of different concentrates and forages does not significantly affect Aceh cattle's physiological response.
UJI UNSUR HARA MAKRO PADA PUPUK KOTORAN MAGOT DARI HASIL BIOKONVERSI EKSKRETA AYAM
This study aimed to examine the content of macronutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium) and pH values in maggot manure fertilizer produced from the bioconversion of chicken excreta, and to compare it with commercial compost fertilizer available in the market. The research was conducted experimentally in the laboratory using two treatments: maggot manure fertilizer (P1) and commercial compost fertilizer (P2), with five replicates for each. Parameters analyzed included pH, nitrogen content (Kjeldahl method), phosphorus and potassium (wet ashing method), and total nutrient content, obtained by summing the N, P, and K levels. Data was analyzed descriptively and a significant difference was tested using an Independent Sample T-test. The results showed that pH values did not differ significantly between P1 and P2, indicating relatively similar soil pH stability from both types of fertilizer. However, maggot manure fertilizer (P1) had a significantly higher phosphorus content compared to commercial fertilizer (P2), demonstrating P1's great potential for root development and flowering. On the other hand, commercial compost fertilizer (P2) was significantly superior in nitrogen and potassium content, as well as overall total nutrient content, compared to P1. This aligns with the characteristics of chemical fertilizers, which are designed to deliver precise and high doses of macronutrients. Although the total nutrient content of P1 was lower, its 4.40% total nutrient content met the minimum requirement of Permentan No.1 Year 2019 (>2% NPK). In conclusion, commercial fertilizer excelled in the consistency and quantity of N and K, as well as total nutrients, while maggot manure fertilizer stood out in phosphorus content. The choice of fertilizer should be tailored to specific plant needs and soil conditions, making maggot manure fertilizer a potential good alternative or supplement, especially for increasing phosphorus availability by utilizing livestock waste.
PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK TANAMAN ROSEMARRY TERHADAP KUALITAS SUSU KAMBING PASTEURISASI
This study aimed to determine the effect of rosemary addition on the quality of pasteurized goat milk. The materials used in the study were Peranakan Etawa goat milk, rosemary, water, and sugar. A Completely Randomized Design was used, consisting of four treatments and five replications. The treatments included: P0 = pasteurized milk without rosemary (control), P1 = pasteurized milk with 1.5 g of rosemary in 50 ml solution, P2 = pasteurized milk with 3 g of rosemary in 50 ml solution, and P3 = pasteurized milk with 4.5 g of rosemary in 50 ml solution. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the addition of rosemary significantly affected the organoleptic quality and hedonic test outcomes, which were conducted at the University of Boyolali. Organoleptic testing revealed a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on taste, aroma, and color. The hedonic test also showed a significant effect (P<0.01) on panelists' preference for milk with rosemary addition. The Total Plate Count (TPC) test indicated that rosemary extract significantly (P<0.01) reduced the number of bacteria in pasteurized milk. In conclusion, rosemary addition influenced the organoleptic quality of pasteurized goat milk in terms of taste and aroma, although it had no effect on color. The hedonic test results indicated that rosemary-added milk was less preferred in terms of taste, aroma, and texture, although the aroma was still acceptable to panelists. Furthermore, increasing the concentration of rosemary resulted in a greater reduction in bacterial count in pasteurized milk.
PERFORMA AYAM BROILER YANG DIPELIHARA DENGAN PERBEDAAN KETINGGIAN KANDANG
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cage floor height on broiler chicken performance in a closed house cage system. The parameters observed included feed consumption, body weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), performance index (IP), and mortality. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments (0 m, 2 m, and 4 m floor) and six replications, where each replication consisted of 15 CP Charoen Phokpan strain broiler chickens. The results showed that cage height had a significant effect (P <0.05) on included feed consumption, body weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), performance index (IP), and mortality. A height of 4 m gave the best results with efficient feed consumption (49.92 g), the highest body weight gain (1.62 kg), the lowest FCR (1.65), the highest IP (292.23), and the lowest mortality (3%). Microenvironmental conditions such as temperature and humidity on the upper floor were more stable and supported the thermal comfort of the chickens, thus increasing growth efficiency. Thus, it can be concluded that the height of the cage is an important factor in the management of broiler chicken maintenance in the closed house system.